Scope and Content: The Massachusetts Turnpike Authority is responsible for the maintenance and operation of the Massachusetts Turnpike, Boston extension, and Callahan Tunnel to East Boston, all of which it constructed, and of the Sumner Tunnel from East Boston.  Planning for the demolition of a related road system, the Boston central artery, known officially as the John F. Fitzgerald Expressway, and its replacement with an underground central artery, began in 1982.  The Central Artery/Tunnel Project, known informally as the Big Dig, was federally funded in 1987; construction, managed by the authority, was initiated by groundbreaking in 1991, and during 2003 completed to the point that the entire new route, including an additional East Boston tunnel and a new bridge over the Charles River, was opened to vehicular traffic.
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